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Daniel Duan's Articles About https://duan.ca/tag// The Two Swifts onpatient 2.0 went live in App Store on September 27th 2014, 10 days after iOS 8 was officially released. For the next few months, it was featured for HealthKit intergration on the App Store front page. In conversations during that period, people would ask me "what was the experience like?" What they referred to, of course, was the fact that I wrote that version in 100% Swift. I have a very different answer to that question now compared to the standard one I gave back then. I hope to explain to you, my dear readers, how my view on Swift has evolved since the beginning. <h2>Swift The Puller</h2> <blockquote> After you get used to a few nuances, it's Cocoa Touch after all. </blockquote> People kind of went "huh", and didn't know how to respond to this answer, at the time when iOS 8 was just out. I think they were expecting horror stories. Well, they would have been right. One day <code>UIStoryboardSegue</code> would have an <code>identifier</code> of type <code>String!</code>, the next day it would become a <code>String?</code>. And the incomprehensible error message from Xcode made sure you woundn't figure it out with ease. This kind of changes would happen to your entire codebase each time a beta Xcode was released. Compunding with these implementation bugs, API changes and poor tooling, was the fact that you had to learn a new programming lanauge. If you and your family's livelihood depends direclty on the software you put out, avoiding that whole situation was (and is) the correct business choice. To me, however, all that was just plain fun. Within about a week, the strangeness of having <code>optional</code>s went away. It's kind of nice to have the compiler bark at you when something was unintialized. My old friends never left: ARC, auto-synthesized properties, blocks, protocols… As for the beta changes, they were only as often as the Xcode releases. Reading the release notes and a few careful inspections of the compile errors usually was enough to help you "fix" everything. A couple weeks in, Swift disappeared. I was just writing a brand new Cocoa Touch app. My attention was on architecture, user experience and patterns that works well with varies iOS APIs, business logic … We submitted the app on the first day it became possible. Turning back the clock to the ancient days when the world was <a href="http://arstechnica.com/apple/2010/06/copland-2010-revisited/">blissfully unaware</a> of Swift's existence. If one wanted to become a Mac or iOS developer, he/she would have gotten the advice along the lines of "learning the Objective-C is easy, knowing the system API is harder". Well, that hasn't changed post-Swift. My experience building software with UIKit/Cocoa Touch applied 100% in building the 100% Swift App. Things did change when I went back to Objective-C after a couple months of writing Swift exclusively, however. The lack of type inference made typing cumbersome. The worst part is the missing concept of optionality on data types. Every object suddenly were <code>optional</code> in my eyes. I exprienced a sense of insecurity, as if I was driving in a foregn country with simular but significantly less respected traffic rules. <h2>Swift The Pusher</h2> <blockquote> I'm humbled and excited by the future because of what it's teaching me. </blockquote> By the time I shipped a few major feature updates in Swift, something had been lurking on the back of my mind: I had left a whole bunch of its features untouched, yet I seemed to have worked with it to some degree of success. What gives? The emerging Swift community has shown me the way since. Observe: Exhibit A, the following Swift function is frequently found in <a href="https://github.com/typelift/Swiftz/blob/master/Sources/Swiftz/Curry.swift">libraries</a> and <a href="http://www.objc.io/books/">books</a>, if not shipping code: <pre><code>func curry<A, B, C>(f: (A, B) -> C) -> A -> B -> C { return { x in { y in f(x,y) } } } </code></pre> Currying is a simple concept. The fact that you can do it in Swift is nothing to write home about. What's striking to me, is how succinct, or, dare I say, elegant this can be expressed in Swift. In this short piece of code, you see generics, higher order functions, closures, type inference expressed on top of a strong type system…to form this basic construct found in functional programming. It's as if the language has been designed to enable it… which leads us to exhibit B: In a job <a href="http://clang-developers.42468.n3.nabble.com/ADVERTISEMENT-open-positions-in-Apple-s-Swift-compiler-team-td4039949.html">posting</a> for Apple's Swift compiler team, the following qualities are listed for Swift core library engineers (emphasis mine): <blockquote> <ul> <li>A passion for making a difference in the lives of other programmers</li> <li>A deep understanding of generic programming principles</li> <li>Experience with functional programming languages and/or idioms</li> <li>Experience bridging languages, especially bridging dynamic languages with static ones</li> <li>Exposure to innovative and/or comprehensive library designs</li> </ul> </blockquote> So in the Swift team's mind, an ideal "customer" of the language, the standard library authors being the most intimate ones, should be "exploiting" the language features to practice functional idioms. This detail stuck and ultimately inspired me to pick up <a href="http://www.objc.io/books/">Functional Programming in Swift</a>. The evidence piled on: <a href="http://www.objc.io/issue-16/">articles</a>, <a href="http://2014.funswiftconf.com">talks</a> and <a href="https://medium.com/swift-programming/2-functional-swift-c98be9533183">Blog</a> <a href="http://ijoshsmith.com/2014/11/30/getting-into-functional-programming-with-swift/">posts</a>. I realized that the language I've been using for several month has introduced the possiblity to do what the Haskell/Ocaml/Scala/F# folks do all day long (I won't discuss much functional programming in this post). The introduction has been gentle and could be safely ignored, but things like <a href="https://github.com/jeffh/Fox">automatically generated tests</a> and parser combinators got me hooked. I believe anyone who write code can benefit from knowing and appreciating the funtional paradigm. What's unique about Swift is that it's presented on Apple's huge developer eco-system. That means a huge part of our industry will benefit as Swift spread futher and futher. In that sense, it really stands out among all the other languages that enables functional programming. Tue, 10 Feb 2015 10:50:16 -0800 https://duan.ca/2015/02/10/the-two-swifts/ https://duan.ca/2015/02/10/the-two-swifts/